Estonia1 min read
Estonia's internet in numbers: addresses, providers and RPKI
How much IP address space is registered in Estonia, which networks announce it and how well Estonian routes are protected by RPKI — from our own data.
Blog
Practical explanations of how the internet actually works.
- Privacy1 min read
Is an IP address personal data?
Under European law an IP address can be personal data. What that means for website operators and visitors in Estonia, and how ipaddress.ee handles addresses.
- Estonia1 min read
.ee domain registration data: what WHOIS shows
Who runs the .ee top-level domain, how .ee WHOIS works, what it shows publicly and why a private person's details are not disclosed.
- Troubleshooting3 min read
How to read the network information of an IP address
Prefix, ASN, registration, RPKI, reverse DNS and location: what each line of an IP lookup means, and which of them are facts and which are estimates.
- Privacy2 min read
How to protect your IP address
What someone can really do with your IP address, what they cannot, and what actually protects you: an updated router, sensible IPv6, VPNs and encrypted DNS.
- Privacy2 min read
VPNs and your IP address: what changes, and what doesn't
What websites see with a VPN on, how to check that it works, typical leaks, and what a VPN doesn't protect against.
- Privacy2 min read
What can a website see about me?
IP address, headers, browser details and cookies: what is sent automatically, what needs your permission, and what you can limit.
- DNS2 min read
How does reverse DNS work?
Reverse DNS turns an IP address into a name. How the PTR record works, who controls it and why mail servers care.
- Troubleshooting1 min read
What is my router's IP address? Logging in at 192.168.1.1
Which address opens your router's admin page, how to find it if it isn't 192.168.1.1, and what to do when the login page won't load.
- Troubleshooting2 min read
Basic internet connection troubleshooting
Nothing loads, or only some sites do? A short, methodical check from your device to DNS.
- Troubleshooting2 min read
How to troubleshoot IPv6 problems
No IPv6 address, IPv6 that exists but doesn't work, or sites that load slowly: a checklist from your device to your provider.
- Routing1 min read
What is BGP routing?
The protocol that ties networks together: prefixes, AS paths, how traffic finds its way, and why RPKI makes the internet safer.